New York State Route 180 (NY 180) is a north–south state highway in the northwestern part of Jefferson County in the U.S. state of New York. The southern terminus of the route is at NY 3 in the Hounsfield hamlet of Baggs Corner, located 7 miles (11 km) west of downtown Watertown. The northern terminus is at NY 12 in the Orleans hamlet of Fishers Landing. NY 180 is part of the Seaway Trail from its southern terminus at Baggs Corner to its junction with NY 12E at the Brownville hamlet of Limerick.

NY 180 begins at NY 3 in Hounsfield. The route heads north, passing west of the Watertown International Airport. NY 12F intersects from the east and NY 180 crosses the Black River. After crossing the river, the route enters Dexter, intersecting County Route 59 (CR 59) from the west and CR 53 from the east. The highway continues north into the town of Brownville where it intersects with NY 12E, and parallels the Perch River. It gradually turns north-northeast on Perch River Road, eventually intersecting CR 54 and passing Perch Lake. NY 180 then becomes known as Fox Road and reaches a junction with CR 128 before intersecting NY 12. Route 180 turns more to the northeast into the town of Stone Mills, and travels for some time in mostly rural land. CR 12 comes in from the west, and NY 180 heads nearly due-north into the hamlet of La Fargeville, located within the town of Orleans.

In La Fargeville, NY 411 has its western terminus at Route 180, and CR 181 ends along the route. For several miles, the highway continues north, only intersecting with local roads. It intersects with CR 3 and runs through a the La Gold Club. Route 180 passes within a mile of Interstate 81, and turns west on its final stretch. NY 180 terminates at NY 12 on the banks of the St. Lawrence River.

NY 180 was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York to the portion of its routing north of NY 12 in Clayton. At the same time, a connector between Chaumont and the Clayton hamlet of Depauville was designated as NY 179 while the segment of what is now NY 180 between the Hounsfield hamlet of Baggs Corner and NY 12E (now NY 12F) south of Dexter became NY 409. The portion of modern NY 180 from Dexter to the Brownville community of Limerick was initially part of NY 12E and had been part of NY 3 prior to 1930.

NY 179 was extended south to Baggs Corner c. 1938, supplanting NY 409 and overlapping NY 12E between Chaumont and Dexter. NY 179 was also extended northward to Clayton by way of an overlap with NY 12 around this time. The overlap with NY 12E was slightly reduced in length by the following year when the alignments of NY 12E and NY 12F east of NY 179 were flipped, placing both routes on their modern alignments. NY 179 itself remained unchanged until c. 1963, when the designation was completely removed. The portion of NY 179 south of Limerick became a southward extension of NY 180, which connected to Limerick by way of a previously unnumbered roadway between NY 12 and NY 12E. The other independent portion of NY 179 from Chaumont to Depauville—the route's original alignment—is now maintained by Jefferson County as CR 179.

The entire route is in Jefferson County.