State Route 164 was originally commissioned as a three-mile (5 km) long connector in Banks County in the 1940s and extended in the early 1960s into Franklin County east to State Route 106 along Bold Springs Road. The original route joins U.S. 441/State Route 15 to State Route 59, serving as a cutoff between Homer and Carnesville. While the 1960s extension was retracted back to its original eastern terminus around 1989, the highway was extended again in late 2004 westward along Old U.S. 441 as part of a business route into Homer to join State Route 51.

The entire route is in Banks County.