State Route 242 (SR 242) is a west-east state highway located in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. It runs for approximately 21.5 miles (34.6 km) through portions of Washington and Jefferson counties.

SR 242 begins at an intersection with SR 15 (South Harris Street) in Sandersville in Washington County. The route heads out of the city in a southeast direction. Just before leaving Sandersville, it crosses a Sandersville Railroad line. Farther to the southeast, it crosses a Central of Georgia Railway line. The road passes Jackson Cemetery before reaching Riddleville. In Riddleville, it intersects SR 231 (Harrison-Riddleville Road to the south and Riddleville-Davisboro Road to the north). After leaving town, SR 242 continues to the southeast, and gradually curves to the east and crosses into Jefferson County. It continues to the east to meet its eastern terminus, an intersection US 221/US 319/SR 78/SR 171 in Bartow.

No section of SR 242 is part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility and defense.

SR 242 was established in 1946 along the same alignment as it runs today. In 1950, the section from the western terminus to a point just over halfway to Ridleville was paved. In 1953, the entire length of the highway was paved.