Ohio State Route 10 was certified in 1935. The route's western terminus is in Eaton Township in Lorain County at the junction of U.S. Route 20, State Route 57 and State Route 301, where US 20 and SR 301 continue westbound on the freeway. SR 10 continues eastward and briefly joins with Interstate 480 at the interstate's western terminus in North Ridgeville. Just east of this junction, the route also has an interchange with Interstate 80 and the Ohio Turnpike via a connecting or spur road. SR 10 then becomes a grade-level road in North Ridgeville before heading into Cuyahoga County, and is known as Lorain Road. It then continues through the western suburbs of Cleveland, and through the western part of Cleveland, terminating shortly after it crosses the Cuyahoga River to the Gate Way community of Cleveland at the major concurrency of U.S. Route 422, State Route 8, State Route 14, State Route 43, and State Route 87.

State Route 10C is the portion of Lorain Rd., in North Ridgeville, Ohio, between the Ohio Turnpike at Exit 152 and I-480/SR 10.